Emergency preparedness is the phase of emergency management that deals with planning and arranging for readiness to deal with an emergency or disaster. According to Frederick Cunny, "the objectives of preparedness are to protect lives and property from an immediate threat, to promote rapid reaction in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, and to structure the response to both the emergency and longer-term recovery operations." The other phases of emergency management are reponse, recovery, and mitigation. It is difficult to clearly separate the phases of emergency management. For example, the planning for response activities, such as warning, evacuating, and sheltering, can be considered preparedness. Also, mitigation activities incorporated into the recovery operations reduce future impacts from similar events. The Emergency Management Element is presented within four areas:  Preparedness, Repsonse, Recovery, and Mitigation.

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